Comrades pay tribute to Angelius Shimrah The Morung Expresse DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): The mortal remains of senior NSCN (IM) leader Angelius Paiza Shimrah who died in the early morning hours of April 29 was received by the Collective Leaders at CHQ, Hebron and accorded with full military honors by the Naga Army. “In this grievous hour at the untimely demise of Late Angelius Paiza Shimrah from amidst us, in whose destiny untold pain and sorry upon his loved and close ones is felt, the GPRN deeply mourns. The loss of a man in that of his stature deprives not few but the Nagas at large, a man with elements of a being encompassing qualifying qualities; that of a leader, a statesman, a patriot, a compatriot, a comrade, a teacher, an instructor, a father, a brother and that of a friend”, a condolence message issued by the MIP stated. During the funeral service conducted by Rev Sekshim Kasar, General Secretary Council of Nagalim Churches, where more than a thousand people congregated, attended by representatives of Naga Hoho, NSF, NPMHR and other NGOs besides all rank and file of the NSCN (IM), several leaders reflected late Shimrah’s life as that of a man of moral and principled integrity and bade him farewell, informed the MIP. The Chairman Isak Chishi Swu recalled his experiences with Late Shimrah as a person who never faltered nor failed in his dedicated services, of which no compatriot at any time was ever dissatisfied. He lamented that, we being mortal beings on our life’s journey, are destined to depart from this world some day as our deceased patriot. It is indeed a great loss for us all to have lost a dedicated, devoted and committed leader, he said. “The vacuum caused by his departure will be very hard to fill”. Citing, late Shimrah’s commitment, devotion, dedication, tolerance, perseverance and patience as a symbol of true Naga patriot, the Chairman reflected on how late Shimrah, though was not given any assignment for two-three years when he initially joined the national service persisted on with his resolve to serve the Naga nation. “We are ceaselessly indebted to his selfless sacrifices deserving respect, honor and thankfulness”, he added.(Left) Iaasc Chishi Swu, Chairman and (Rigth) 999essays.com, General Secretary speaking at the funeral service of senior NSCN (IM) leader Late Angelius Paiza Shimrah at CHQ, Hebron. The General Secretary Th Muivah lamented at the loss which had been God’s plan. He grieved that Shimrah’s departure was a huge loss to our nation for he was a personality presenting the strength of the nation. He said, “a person like him, who can write, think and act is very few to find. His loss to us is like the fall of a huge supporting pillar to our Naga nation”, Muivah said that during times of hardships, crisis or difficulties late Shimrah was a person who responsibly faced the challenges to bring the nation through. “He was a person who proved himself well, practically. It was because of a person like him who stood as our strength, not that we were proud or afraid. He was a person with a combination of all experiences who stood the trials of life’s insurmountable challenges. A person like him who is hard to find among a million has left us alas. May we meet in our after life”, he concluded. The Convener, Steering Committee Qhevihe conveyed that his earliest association with late Shimrah was during at Eastern Nagalim. He observed that late Shimrah never wavered in his committed duties nor was any comrade dissatisfied with his services throughout his career in the national services, till his last. The Convener asserted of being the living witness and said that late Shimrah thought, spoke and worked completely for the Naga nation. Working with the Steering Committee together while late Shimrah was the Secretary, Qhevihe conveyed that he had never come across any weaknesses in him. “Among Nagas, he is also one unique gifted patriot in whose loss we are unfortunate. May our Almighty God bless the Nagas with someone like him again”, he concluded. Kilo Kilonser A. Puni who also spoke at the funeral service recalled their association in Eastern Nagalim. He mentioned their return from China via Lainung village during which villagers addressed him (late Shimrah) as ‘Longvibu man’ meaning a great successful warrior. “His loss has been a great loss to our nation”, he mourned. He testified that late Shimrah was a humble and noble person who even washed the plates of his subordinates. He was a God fearing person who could be trusted by every one at any time, he added. RH Raising, Secretary Steering Committee testified and upheld that though late Shimrah had expired physically he remained alive and will remain alive with us as his foot prints, finger prints and history subsisted on. He reflected that late Shimrah was a person that with stood national trials and authored historical events. He played crucial roles in the ‘martial law period’, the ‘national crisis’, operation Salvation and Oinam post attack which were historic events in the Naga history. He also bravely participated in the first confrontation with the Indian army led by then Captain VS Atem at Namthirok, though he was in the civil set up. The GPRN expressed heartfelt condolences to the bereaved family and prayed that the Almighty God console the aggrieved at their time of distress and pain. Admission of guilt first step towards healing, says NSCN (K) The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): The NSCN (K) Military Spokesman Isak Sumi has termed as unfortunate, the “faction-centric mindset and egoistic attitude of Naga leaders”, pointing out that this has percolated down to even the workers at grass root level and that such “emphasis on narrow factional and group agendas has led to increased decline of visions and dreams for an integrated Naga community as one people and nation”. “To erase scars of wrongdoings, wounds should be treated first, to heal wounds justice should be delivered and justice could be ensured only after seeking truth and perpetrators are held accountable”, the Military Spokesman stated in a press note received here. Pointing out that forgiveness, reconciliation and unity has became a mere convenient phrase of the anti-peace elements, in order to escape the wrath of Nagas, unity and reconciliation is being preached at the roof top, at the same time devious disruptive plans are steadfastly enforced underneath by these same peace preachers. “IM Chairman Isak Chishi Swu’S proclamation of “Peace and reconciliation” was immediately followed by murder of two innocent Konyak youths, inhuman torture and subsequent murder of Vikuto Sumi at Hebron under the nose of Isak and Muivah, killing of innocent Angami youth of Selouphe Village, kidnap and murder of two innocent children at Senapati and numerous armed offensives against FGN and NSCN that resulted the loss of lives of several Naga patriots”, the Military Spokesman alleged. The NSCN (K) termed this “contradiction” on the part of the NSCN (IM) as exposing “disorder and anarchy in the IM’S chain of command” while at the same time explains their “practice of double-standard and diabolic stratagems to be-fool the Nagas”. “For the followers/cadres are being incited to commit anti-peace offensives at will without botheration of their leaders’ public proclamation”, the NSCN (K) alleged while adding that “such betrayal of people’s trust and hope for peace and unity by IM is no longer uncommon”. “Skepticism and doubt has deeply ingrained in the souls of the peace loving Nagas whenever there is slogan for peace, for every peace initiative were packaged with more bloodsheds”. “Once reconciled and united, sectional monopoly of rich dividends arising out of internecine turmoil (fishing in troubled waters) would halt and common interest would prevail. This thriving section in order to further their greed for power endows more division and hatred”, the statement alleged adding that meanwhile innocent Naga bloods are spilled all over simply to enrich their coffers and to widen area of their domination”. “Unaccounted sufferings of the Nagas for more than half a decade under foreign rule and censored from the world gradually progressed to attain Political attention both from India and international communities, unfortunately certain section grabbed this opportunity to further their interest, one hand they claim to champion the Naga cause on the other they take it as an opportunity to build worldly kingdom of their own”, the NSCN (K) alleged on its rival. Pointing out that to “ensure continuity of this Mafiosi trend of self-styled operation in guise of Nationalism”, Indian constitutional machineries are being harnessed to the fullest advantage by compromising the basic ideology and principle of the Naga’s struggle in lieu of comforts and dispensations offered pre-mediately by GOI. “Honorable solution out of Indian Constitutional bindings has become the biggest mockery, Indian elections in India dominated Naga areas has become the best possible avenue for various Naga underground groups to make fortunes, but decades and generations of sacrifices to liberate the Nagas from alien conquest is now being drowned in the Indian sea of wealth, manipulations and corruptions”, the NSCN (K) further stated. Making the point that sectarian interest has prevailed upon common Naga interest, it stated that people’s aspiration was now relegated to a mere tool to further individual whims. “Where were we yesterday? Where are we today? And where shall we stand tomorrow? If we continue to silently observe these unfolding events without muttering a single word of protest”, it stated. “Why condemn creation of Nagaland Statehood within Indian Union or Shillong Accord, when we are performing nothing better or greater, rather we have become drunk with the allurements, the present Indian system provides. Shame on us that we take pride in asserting ourselves as patriots or freedom fighters when we are partaking and promoting our aggressor’s rule over our own people all for the benefit of oneself”. NSCN (IM) seeks extension of deadline Senapati Child Murder Case The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): The Fact Finding Committee and several other NGOs had a joint meeting collective leadership of the NSCN (IM) at Hebron yesterday. The meeting which was attended by Senapati District Students Association; Senapati District Women’s Association; Presidents of the fives tribes of Senapati District besides the Committee was chaired by Thuingaleng Muivah, the general secretary of the NSCN (IM). It was revealed that the collective leadership assured the delegates from Senapati that justice would be delivered and asked for an extension of deadline for two weeks. Reportedly the NSCN (IM) had reasoned that more time was needed to investigate the case as both the groups admitted that there might be someone big behind the whole crime. Saying that some information collected so far was too delicate to disclose at this stage, the Chairman of the Fact Finding Committee, Solomon Veine said that a very big gang who called themselves Star Gang was suspected to have a hand in the crime. It was further disclosed that the NSCN (IM) had apologized for the security lapse which resulted in the escape of one of the suspects, Adai Puimei. The delegates from Senapati, apparently satisfied with the investigation so far, decided to agree to the request of the NSCN (IM) and extend deadline by two weeks. However Solomon added that if there was no result, the societies of Senapati would be back at Hebron, “We will not remain silent spectators”, he added. The Fact Finding Committee further requested the NSCN (IM) not to hide anything from them and intimate them on everything that happens. Moreover on request, it was disclosed that the committee had been allowed to meet the other suspects who were still in the custody of the NSCN (IM). NSCN (IM) ideologue passes away The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExn): PA Shimrah (Angelus Shimrah) passed away at around mid-night on April 29 at his residence in Dimapur after a prolonged sickness. He was born in and joined the Naga national movement in , which was led by Naga National Council (NNC) at the time. Shimrah held the post of Cabinet kilonser before he passed away. He did his Master of Economics and English from Bangalore before he joined the movement. Angelus Shimrah was a senior leader among the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN). He also was the convenor of the steering committee of NSCN. He led a team of Nagas to Papua New Guinea to study the famous Bougainville peace process and was part of the team involved in the peace process that has been in negotiations for the last nine years. Besides, Late Angelius served the NSCN (IM) in various capacities as a Foreign (Alee) Secretary, Kilo Kilonser, Secretary of Steering Committee (two terms), Cabinet Kilonsers, etc. He had also contributed and mobilized the Naga cause in Europe and had also been a part of the Nagalim Constitutional Drafting Committee along with Anthony Raven, a constitutional expert. NSCNs mourn demise of Naga leader The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): Chairman of the NSCN (IM), Isaac Chishi Swu condoled the death of Angelus Paizu Shimrah, who he stated, was a great man of integrity. In the press release, the Chairman said that it was a day of sorrow for everyone because a respected comrade and a veteran leader had gone from their midst. Isaac further continued that the deceased was a man who upheld the revolutionary philosophy and principles and to him the cause of the people was precious and above all else. Adding that every Naga could be proud to have such a leader who would not compromise on the truth, Isaac prayed that the departed soul rest in peace. Meanwhile, 999essays.com, the Convener of the Council of Kilonsers NSCN (K), expressed deepest grief and sorrow on the news of the sudden demise of former colleague Angelus Shimrah in Dimapur in the early hours of April 28, Conveying condolence to the bereaved family, friends, well wishers, the NSCN (K) leader stated that the deceased had been a fine gentleman, learned, outspoken and a man of integrity. Further Jami added his personal opinion that Late Shimrah had died without exercising his potentials for the society due to certain technical reason. He further prayed for solace to be granted to the bereaved family in their hour of devastation. Naga Hoho condoles The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): The General Secretary of Naga Hoho, Neingulo Krome, in a letter of Condolence to the wife and children of Angelus Paiza Shimrah stated that he was deeply shocked and pained to hear of the demise of “one who had so much more to give to his people”. Saying that he himself had been aware of Shimrah’s ailing health for quiet sometime, Krome consoled the family saying that the Almighty God knew best. Krome further added that of what little he had come to know of the deceased, he did know about his commitment and conviction for the freedom of the Naga people for which he gave his everything, whatever his shortcomings and weaknesses. Conveying heartfelt condolences, the General Secretary continued that he would cherish the short but very historic association with Shimrah in March , when they traveled to Papua New Guinea and Bougainville on a Study tour on Peace and Reconciliation, during which period they had been room-mates. Krome wished the departed soul peace, in the belief that he had fought a good fight adding that he would always be an inspiration for many more to come. Kohima to link with Myanmar The Morung Express New Delhi, April 29 (PTI): After successfully launching dedicated freight corridors linking four metros, India is now teaming up with neighbouring countries to develop global railway corridors to cut down travel time. “India is now following a policy of international corridors. In the first step, it is trying to link the railways of India and Myanmar over a distance of km,” a top railway ministry source said. “This will also give us a link between India and Southeast Asian states including China. The exercise will cut traveling to one-fourth the time taken by sea route,” the source added. The eastern international corridor will link Kohima in the northeastern state of Nagaland with Myanmar. It will lead to railway routes connecting India with Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos on one hand and with economically developed southeastern China and Russia on the other. India is already assisting the railways of Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos and Bangladesh in developing infrastructure for running or connecting inter-state railways to boost their internal traffic and to link them internationally. On the western side, the sources said that India is counseling Pakistan and others to develop rail links to the Middle East, thus boosting trans-shipment of goods and services in the strategic region. NSCN (K) condemn execution The Morung Express DIMAPUR, APRIL 29 (MExN): The NSCN (K) has condemned what it termed as the ‘inhuman execution’ meted out to one of its cadre Akaho Assumi of Qhelhozhe village alleging that the latter was abducted by the NSCN (IM) from Dimapur while on medical treatment and tortured to death in an extremely horrific manner. “The mortal remains of the deceased bore testimony of brute and inhuman tortures at the hands of savage elements. Such practice of inflicting mortal torture on the victims and resultant death is nothing new to the IM hoodlums”, stated Akato Chophi, Supervisor, UT-1 NSCN (K) in a press note received here. Alleging that the “victim’s limb was broken, ribs ripped apart, one eye removed with dagger and entire chest was burned with petrol and finally, most obviously after the victim succumbed to his injury, several rounds of bullets were shot all over the body”, the NSCN (K) wanted to know whether “such heinous act” was a supplement to Isak Swu’s proclamation of “peace and Reconciliation”?. “If words have failed to convince the Nagas of the real intent and motive of the IM, we ask the Nagas to judge the IM by their actions. No where in our history has the Nagas suffered silently and bitterly then under the “rule of IM terror”, the NSCN (K) Supervisor stated while also paying their highest tribute to Late Akaho Assumi. “His sacrifice exemplifies and amply portrays the perilous circumstance the Nagas are, in the face of adversaries both from within and alien”, the NSCN (K) stated. Death pours out unsung honour for late Angelus John K. Kaping The Muring Express Ukhrul The life of a person manifests itself in his death; more so for Lt. AP Shimrah, Kilonser of GPRN/NSCN (IM), who was given befitting tribute by several leaders of Naga organisations at a condolence service in his honour, which was organized at the Tangkhul Naga Long (TNL) ground today at am. It seemed that “Nagas have lost the Nagas’ Ambedkar”, a man to be considered to that of a “fountain-pen”, said different leaders including one Louis Ngasainao, an Inter Churches Forum leader, as thousands bid a melancholic adieu to the departed soul of the Naga National Hero, lt. Angelus Paiza Shimrah, who passed away on 29th April at am at Zion Hospital, Dimapur after a prolonged illness. In the service, top ranking leaders of NSCN (I-M) including A Puni, Kilo Kilonser (Home Minister), Council of Kilonser expressed shock and grief over the sudden demise of AP. Shimrah and termed the vacuum created by his untimely demise is irreparable. TNL President Stephen Angkang also expressed that such a loss of great men, whose once-inked sentence is sharper than the sword brings an irreparable loss to the Naga Nation. The UNC Secretary Azang Rongmei and Tangkhul Hoho Vice President, Somipam Lungleng categorically emphasized the most valued nature of selflessness of Lt. AP Shimrah, whose sincerity is proved that he is the only NSCN (I-M) Official who does not even had his own house for shelter unlike other Officials. Rh. Raisingh a senior and member of Steering Committee of the NSCN (I-M), termed the departed leader as a “man of decision”, while VS. Atem, an Emissary to the Collective leadership regarded the deceased leader as a ‘perfectionist’ and a ‘strategist’ right from the beginning till the end and that he had a unique talent of “Quali-serious-tactics”. Q Tuccu, a steering member asserted lt. AP. Shimrah as an “Iron man”. He insisted to replace the dying body of AP. Shimrah by another NSCN (I-M) cadres if possible. Tongmeth Wungnao, Education Kilonser NSCN (I-M) also expressed deep sorrow and grieved over the loss of the real quality, personality, selflessness natured of the departed leader. Read out in their condolence messages. Among the leaders of the Ukhrul District Civil Societies including to those of NPMHR (South), TNWL, TKS, TSL, TMNL, RKL, Paoyi Students’ Union, HSL, Hunphun Hangva et al, also expressed deep profound sorrows over the untimely demise of Lt. AP. Shimrah and extended silent share in grieves of the bereaved family members. Also the Condolence messages from the two Supremos of the NSCN(I-M) Isaac Swu and Th. Muivah were conveyed through VS. Atem, Emissary to Collective leadership praising the supreme sacrificial life spent by AP. Shimrah and the leaders pained in emotion by loosing such a selfless person and a confident like AP. Shimrah. It is also learnt from the Condolence service that AP. Shimrah, Kilonser of the NSCN (I-M) was 64, he joined the NSCN during and had re-entered his service for exactly 30 years, 4 months and four days. He is survived by his beloved wife Zingnimla Shimrah and six sons. Sources disclosed that the mortal remains of the departed hero will be buried at his native village, Paoyi whixh is 26 km away from Ukhrul main town. Kuki rebels held in Nagaland OUR CORRESPONDENT The telegraph Kohima, April After being pursued in Bengal and Assam, militant groups of Manipur are now feeling the heat of a crackdown in Nagaland. Five members of the Kuki Revolutionary Army (KRA) were arrested at Kashiram Bustee in Dimapur town, the state’s commercial hub, last evening. The arrested militants include the “finance secretary” of the militant outfit, Thanglem Haokip alias Athang. The rest are “lance corporal” Chungminlum Singsit alias Bobuay, David Singh, Paojang Hangsung and Seikam Chongloi. It was the second setback for the outfit in Dimapur. Two KRA members were traced to a rented house at Thahekhu a few days earlier. Based on information provided by the five who were arrested yesterday, the police busted KRA hideouts at Khatkhati in Assam and another one about three miles away. Two vehicles, a silver-coloured Scorpio and a black Bolero Invader were seized. Taking advantage of the ceasefire between the Centre and the two factions of the NSCN, members of several militant groups of Manipur and Assam have been hiding in Dimapur. The NSCN (Isak-Muivah) recently asked the KRA to stop extortion and “tax collection” on the national 999essays.com also warned the Kuki group against harassing Nagas. In an unrelated incident, militants suspected to be from the NSCN (Khaplang) killed an unidentified person at Science College this morning. Start paying attention to northeast, Rio tells industries The Hindu New Delhi, April (PTI): Drawing a comparison with Israel whose economy is growing despite violence, Nagaland Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio has asked the business community to to set up industries in the restive northeast by taking advantage of its natural resources and strategic location. Despite all these opportunities, the issues of law and order and insurgency are often cited as prime reasons for lack of investment in the region. Let me, however, draw your attention to a country like Israel, Rio here at a function here recently. It has its share of problems and is considered to be the centre of a global flashpoint. However, its economy is developing in an amazing manner. In fact it is becoming the world leader in many technologies. Therefore, he said, it is time Indian industries start paying attention to opportunities in the northeast. Referring to his State in particular, Rio said the peace process in Nagaland will complete 10 years soon and there is a genuine attempt to resolve problems through negotiations and dialogue. The peace process is an outcome of the longing and desire of the people for permanent peace. What is required today is to sustain this peace process through development, Rio said. While peace is vital for economic growth, development is also another dimension of peace, he said, adding investments in the northeast should therefore be seen both as business opportunities and an investment for Indias future. Nagaland: Peace under Terror Bibhu Prasad Routray Research Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management The near decade-long ceasefire with the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM) and the six year old ceasefire with the rival Khaplang faction (NSCN-K) continue to hold in Nagaland, in an environment of endemic fratricidal clashes, pervasive extortion and rapid consolidation of the insurgent sway over every segment of society and Government. New Delhi’s response, surprisingly, remains stubbornly conventional, failing to question the rationale behind the countless rounds of peace talks, a move that undermined political processes in the State, and ceding to the insurgent group a position of dominance in the State, even as fratricidal violence, extortion and intimidation remain entrenched in the day to day lives of the people. For a State under a ‘ceasefire’ with both the principal insurgent groups, Nagaland still registers higher levels of insurgent violence than many of the States with an ‘active’ insurgency, and the situation appears to be progressively worsening over the years. According to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), insurgency-related fatalities have increased from 97 in to 99 in , to a further in Incidents of insurgent violence have registered an increase from to between and , and sharply to in Institute for Conflict Management’s open source documentation of insurgency-related fatalities totalled 56 in , till April

Virtually the entire volume of fatalities are concerned with the network of intimidation and the turf wars between IM and Khaplang factions, with the Security Forces (SFs) obvious and mute spectators, accounting for very few of the violent engagements or fatalities. In , for instance, of the total of 56 fatalities, 43 (77 per cent) have been insurgent cadres, and the remaining 13, civilians. Insurgents accounted for 57 per cent of the total fatalities in , 71 per cent in and 79 percent in Only three SF personnel have been killed in Nagaland since

Of the 56 fatalities thus far in , 43 have occurred in a total of 24 factional clashes. The toll includes 22 NSCN-IM cadres, 18 NSCN-K cadres and three militants from the Naga National Council (NNC). Clashes have occurred in seven of Nagaland’s 11 Districts: Mon, Mokokchung, Zunheboto, Phek, Peren, Kohima and Dimapur. The war of attrition continues with scant regard for the ceasefire ground rules, which stipulate that the insurgents stay in designated camps, bans their movements in uniform and with arms and prohibits extortion. The NSCN-IM’s writ runs supreme in most parts of the State, though the NSCN-K remains dominant in the Districts of Mokokchung and Dimapur. While NSCN-IM’s well-oiled ‘finance department’ engages in wide-spread ‘tax-collection’ activities, its ‘home department’ virtually runs the administration in the State. Its ‘crime suppression department’ ensures control of its areas of dominance, administering a selective ‘justice’ over various ‘offenders’. Cadres move unhindered in the townships and country-side, enforcing the insurgent group’s diktats. Intelligence reports indicate that the cadre strength of the NSCN-IM has increased from to about 2, since the July ceasefire announcement. Internecine clashes have remained the principal instrument of seeking or defending dominance for the two groups in various parts of the State. For the NSCN-K, which is yet to start a dialogue process with the Government of India (GoI) since its April ceasefire agreement, violent engagements with its rival also help send periodic reminders to New Delhi that any ‘deal’ with the IM faction would have no permanent positive impact on the Naga conflict. Fratricidal engagements also serve as opportunities to inflict costs on each other, upsetting the cadre strength and wearing down stores of weapons and ammunition. The lack of progress in NSCN-IM’s protracted dialogue with the GoI, currently in its 10th year, has only provided added incentive to both factions to continue with their ‘war games’. Unconstrained insurgent activities have resulted in the occasional civilian backlash. On April 22, , subsequent to the abduction and torture of three Sumi tribesmen by NSCN-IM cadres, a large mob of about 5, people attacked the Wungram Colony, home to several of the NSCN-IM’s leaders in Dimapur, destroying 47 houses and several vehicles. The houses of NSCN-IM’s ‘steering committee member’, Rh. Raising, tatars (‘parliamentarians’) Samson Jajo, Nithungla and Kamlang, and three leaders of the group’s armed wing — Hangshi, Ramkating and Markson — were gutted in the incident. Over civilians belonging to the Tangkhul tribe, from which NSCN-IM’s top leadership, including its ‘general secretary’ Thuingaleng Muivah, is sourced, were displaced from the Colony and have since taken shelter at the nearby police station at Chumukedima and the group’s camp in Hebron, near Dimapur town. Such occasional, desperate and rarely fruitful mass interventions notwithstanding, insurgent factions in the State continue to hold sway across wide areas of the State, and engage in continuous efforts to extend their areas of dominance. The Chief Minister, Neiphiu Rio, is on record claiming that such clashes are a part of the ‘political problem’ ‘between India and Nagaland’, thus indicating that these would continue as long as the ‘conflict over Nagalim (greater Nagaland)’ is not resolved. The Chief Minister’s refrain closely echoes the NSCN-IM’s position that the factional violence is due to the GoI’s failure to restrict the movement of NSCN-K cadres. The GoI, on the other hand, insists that the clashes between the insurgent outfits are a law and order problem. About 10 months ago, on June 20, , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh told a seven-member Congress Party team from Nagaland at New Delhi, that the conflict between the insurgent Naga factions was a law and order problem which the State’s Home Department has to solve on its own, instead of blaming Delhi. The Nagaland Police, however, has not been involved in any significant cases challenging the dominance of the insurgents, while the Central Para-military Forces (CPMFs) have failed to take effective steps against the flagrant and rampant violations of the ceasefire ground rules. Myanmar, with which India shares a 1, kilometre-long unfenced border, remains vital to the capabilities of the Naga outfits, especially the NSCN-K. The group’s ‘general headquarters’ is located in the Sagaing Division of Myanmar, bordering three Indian states: Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. On April 27, , official sources in New Delhi said that Myanmar has promised to step up military action against all Indian insurgent groups operating from its territory. However, assurances made by the member Army delegation led by Brigadier General Tin Maung Ohn can, at best, be termed as routine and insignificant, and are not expected to have any decisive impact on the potential of the insurgent groups. Sporadic military offensives in the Sagaing division by the Myanmarese Army have taken place since the mids, but have only temporarily displaced the various insurgent groups from Manipur, Assam and Nagaland. Once the Myanmarese Army personnel have vacated the areas, the groups have simply gone back to reclaim their facilities. Moreover, a fairly cosy relationship exists between lower-rung Myanmarese military personnel and the insurgents, and the latter are often warned in advance of imminent raids, allowing them to minimise damage. Little change is anticipated in the situation in Nagaland in the foreseeable future. On the contrary, with elections to the State Legislative Assembly due in , insurgent violence can be expected to grow and expand into newer areas. With both the State and the Union Government frozen in their commitment to a policy of inaction, the civilian population in the State will continue to bear the brunt of insurgent 999essays.comght peacejournalism. Neplal. India should stop arming Burmese military junta Mizzima News by Mungpi 999essays.com (Interview with Former Canadian Secretary of State David Kilgour and Canadian refugee, immigration and human Rights lawyer David Matas. April 29, Former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific (), Hon. David Kilgour, and Canadian refugee, immigration and human Rights lawyer David Matas, who is also a member of the Canadian Bar Association, visited India to raise the issue of the Chinese governments continued executions on the Falun Gong Practitioners for their organs. The two dignitaries had widely traveled across the world covering more than 30 countries to put a stop to the ongoing dreadful practice of the Chinese government to Falun Gong Practitioners. During their trip to India, the two dignitaries, who are also prominent supporters of democratic changes in Burma, met a number of Indian leaders and raised the issue of Indias relationship with Burma. Kilgour said India being the largest democratic country in the world and an immediate neighbour of Burma, should concern itself at the deteriorating political scenario in Burma. He said, India, in view of its long term interest, should stop arming the Burmese junta but take a stronger and tougher stand in support of democratic changes in Burma. During their few days stay in New Delhi, they met Burmese reporters including Mizzimas Assistant Editor Mungpi, and talked about their views on Indias stand towards Burma. What has brought you to India? Kilgour: David Matas and I filed a report and we have now done a revised report on the terrible practice of taking organs from Falun Gong Practitioners in China. By our best estimate, about 41, transplants, that is kidneys, livers and so on, that were done over five years of persecution of Falun Gong, cannot be explained by executed criminals, the brain-dead, accident victims or by donated organs. So, we are not saying that these 41, Falun Gong practitioners have been killed for their organs, because you can take more than one organ from a person, but many thousands of Falun Gong Practitioners have been treated in what we call a new form of inhumanity against human kind and crime against humanity. And the reason we have travelled to India is, we are trying to get the government of China to stop doing this, to stop doing it now. Not just before the Olympic Games. We know they are going to stop before the games, but they have got to stop it now because people are dying, probably, every day. And what people dont understand is, if you are a criminal and you said you committed a murder or something or people say I need a kidney or I am going to die, so I will go and get a kidney from an executed murderer, but for one thing, I think there are sixty eight offences that you can get capital punishment in China. So, we think that people in India or any where know that many of the people that are being killed for their organs are Falun Gong Practitioners, who are never been before a court, they have never been convicted of anything, they are simply sent to a work camp, where they work as forced labour, making part of exports, by the way. They are tested medically every three months to see how their organs are and then some body comes from New Delhi or Ottawa or Winnipeg, and there is a computer match and the computer match says that Ms. so and so in the camp over here got a match-able organ and then she dies, she is killed medically with out conviction of nothing, and she dies and her organs are taken and this terrible practice continues. I dont think any other nation on earth has ever done it, but it is simply unimaginable this could be happening in the twenty first century. Mattas: Well, I mean your question is right over here and what we are trying to do here is what we have been doing in different countries around the world. We have been, the two of us, to over thirty countries now and what we are trying to do is mobilize concern, trying to get the practice to stop by trying to create awareness among people of the practice. We are meeting with media, with academics, with parliamentarians, with civil servants, with medical professionals, and we are trying to get all these various sectors and civil societies engaged in raising the issue. Apart from the Falun Gongs case, were you able to utilize your trip to India to raise the Burma issue? Kilgour: Well, I have just received an email from Guy Horton. As you all know, Guy Horton spent five years doing this study

Dying Alive. He has lobbyed hard with the government of Canada, with United Nations trying to raise the issue with the Security Council. As you know, Burma got on to the Security Council on November It didnt last very long, it was thrown out by the veto wielding countries China, Russia, and for me most astonishingly by South Africa, I dont know why South Africa did that. I am delighted that Arch Bishop Tu Tu criticized the decision saying it was completely against the history of South Africa. But, I think it is fair to say that Guy Hortons concern about whats going on in the Bay of Bengal gas fields, and as you know China has now been given access to the Bay of Bengal gas fields. It is obviously up to the government and people of India to decide whether their policy has been working with Burma. But I can tell you, I raised the issue the other night with some very influential people in the city to see whether India could take a stronger stand in dealing with Burma. We are told that there is insurgency in the border, there are incursions, and things are going on, but for what is with my reading, the government of Burma is that you dont get much by being nice to them, you really got to be tough, tough as nails with them. And the way they treat their own people, the number of villages, I think its villages that Horton documented, I think all of that shows that the only thing those people will respect is that some body who is stronger than they are, who refuses to put up with nonsense, especially violence. I hope that the government of India will look at its policy again towards Burma, in the light of whats just happened with those gas fields. The other day, you met Indias former Defence Minister George Fernandez, were you also able to meet other leaders in India? Kilgour: Well, yes, we met a lot of leaders. Here in New Delhi, we met leaders in the legal profession, and the medical profession in Mumbai. And we are planning to meet a lot of leaders in the country as we can, and I cant tell you how strongly respected in Canada they are. A million Canadians originated from India. This country, because of its democracy, because of its rule of law, because of its independent courts, many of us feel Canadas strategic relationship should be with India in this part of the world. Going back to Burma, I think it is fair to say that Canadians are increasingly concerned about whats been going on in Burma. We are aware of the river projects and gas field projects and the continued mistreatment of the people, terrible mistreatment. And the fact that Aung San Suu Kyi is now under 62 years, we are worried about her, I think many of us are hoping this will be the year she will be released from house arrest. We had a meeting of the forming of the parliamentarians for Burma about a month ago, and we had parliamentarians from Burma including Prime Minister in exile Sein Win, ministers came from here New Delhi, we had members of parliament from Singapore, and I think we all are taking that this is the year things have to change in Burma and that this talking has been going on for a very very long time and that if the senior general thinks that he can just carry on this way forever, then I very much hope that this year will prove him wrong. One point I should add is that Canada still gets much of its heroin from Burma. If I am not mistaken, one Canadian dies of an overdose of heroin every two days. So, that what Burma is sending to Canada in terms of heroin is costing the lives of many many Canadians and I think thats another reason why Canadians are extremely concerned about the nature of government in we call it Burma. We are not going to call it Myanmar. Now that the government of India is supplying arms to the Burmese military junta, a few days ago, a top General arrived in New Delhi to give a list of weapons that the Burmese junta wants India to supply to them. Are you aware of this? Kilgour: No I wasnt aware of that and I am very sorry to hear that the government of Burma, as every body knows should not be the government of Burma, Aung San Suu Kyis party was elected massively in the election in And whats happened in Burma has been a tragedy of probably the few greatest proportion in the world. The people of Burma are such wonderful people. My wifes father helped supply Burma during World War II. What you said know that the Generals are trying to get arms from India is deeply saddening. I think the Canadians are deeply saddened as to why India would supply a single piece of arms to Burma. It is beyond me. That government has no help for whatever it is, nothing but the bad things associated with it and for a country the size and importance of India to help that government in anyway is, speaking personally, saddening. I was telling some leaders in this country the other day that Canada has enormous respect for India, and we want India to take its full place in the world in every sphere economically, diplomatically and so on but I hope that they [India] will re-assess any idea of selling arms to the [Burmese] regime. As you know, people in their own homes are restricted, and are hunted like rabbits, women are raped, and children are beaten and killed and minority people in Burma are treated terribly. It has to stop. And one way of stopping it would be for the government India to say that look no more. This has to stop and India is the largest democracy in the world and we insist that you become a democracy and we insist that you have proper elections and who ever wins the elections that should be the government of Burma. Now, I also know as you do, that China is extremely unhelpful on this and they are trying everything they can, what ever they can to try to make it hard for democracy and Burma is one of a number of countries there are of course many others like Sudan, and North Korea. Zimbabwe is another, wherever there is absolutely intolerant brutal dictators the government of China is seems to be egging them on. Its got to stop. All of us who believe in democracy, who believe in human dignity and believe that human rights are in-divisible, have to stand up on these issues and lets start by standing up to Burma. For speedy political change in Burma, the role of the international community is very much important but without the participation of neighbouring countries it will not be effective as is expected. So, what is your opinion on this? Kilgour: Well, you will know this better than I do that the foreign minister of Malaysia went to visit Aung San Suu Kyi, representing the ASEAN countries, and he was told he could not see her. Well, if the senior generals and the junta turn down the ASEAN representative saying that he cant see this Nobel Peace Prize Winner, who the world loves and admires, and we all care deeply about, what does it say about the regime, and if ASEAN denied Burma the chance to be the leader for a year, so the neighbours are increasingly taking with the rest of us that Burma has to become a democracy and if the people of Burma want to elect generals so be it but if they want to elect Aung San Suu Kyi or somebody else they should have the opportunity of doing it. A multi-party democracy is sweeping the world except for a few countries and you know who they are as well as I do and Burma if its going to re-gain its place and respect in the world it has to go for democracy. Let me just remind you one fact, that I am told that right after World War II, there were more planes landing in Rangoon then in Hong Kong. I wander what the ration is now, by trying to stay out of the worlds except that they buy arms, the government has hurt its people enormously in every single way and we got to stop it, all of us, especially the government of India has to join in this year to try to make this the year of democracy for Burma. Matas: My uncle during the World War II served in the British Army in Burma, so have I got a strong connection with Burma and I use to hear a lot of stories about Burma. To hear the plight of the Burmese people for me is personally very sad and its something that does not reflect to the world of the Burmese people and the potentials of the Burmese state. It is understandable that the trade sanctions imposed by the international community sometimes worsen the suffering of the people, but our point is there should be at least an arms embargo against the military junta. Kilgour: Absolutely, I mean there must be an arms embargo against the junta, I would like to see Ivanhoe, which is a Canadian company leave Burma, I have been indicating that to the senior management of Ivanhoe. Its terrible that a Canadian company should be operating in Burma in this circumstance. Yes, we got to get all the Canadian companies out of it. If you can imagine the Canada pension plan, which all Canadians pay, they buy shares of companies and they actually bought shares in somebodys company that is doing business in Burma and that has to stop. I think you can see increasing pressure in Canada to get all Canadian companies out of Burma until democracy is restored in Burma. Matas: In a large measure, what we are seeing in Burma is autocracy, a group of people in power out to enrich themselves. Sanctions in that situation should be targeted to the leaders of the junta from travel, in terms of international bank accounts, and in terms of what they personally can import. And you can have sanctions that are targeted in that way that can have an impact on the autocracy at the top with out harming the people as a whole. Kilgour: I absolutely agree with that. Why should the senior general be allowed to give diamonds at his daughters wedding, which we all saw? I mean thats exactly the point David is making, you can get rich by drugs or by stealing money from the people, I mean its intolerable. This is got to be the year that Burma joins the family of nations, and Canada should take a role on that and India can take a far bigger role then Canada. But I sense the other night talking to a former diplomat for India that some how there is a worry about Burma. And I couldnt help saying to myself that what is India worried about Burma for? How can a country with the resources and people and so on in this country be worried about a few generals who lead very few other then themselves and their daughters diamonds, I suppose you could say. Why can anybody have any fears of this kind of tyrants? How do you view the current India foreign policy on Burma? Kilgour: Well, as I was suggesting, I would like to see that, especially in the light of whats happening in the Bay of Bengal, I hope the government of India would re-examine its policy towards Burma. And speaking as a citizen of the world, I hope they would know that India can play a key role in this just as they can play a key role in Nepal and then other places, especially from the stand point of the rule of law and democracy and dignity of people. So, thats Indias role in this sector, to become the leader of the democratic developing world. Are you saying that India will benefit more from a democratic Burma? Kilgour: It will benefit, for one thing the skirmishes on the border will stop instantly. There will be no more buying arms, killing people, shooting children all of these terrible things happening in Burma would stop. And then, because one thing we do know about democracy is, democracies dont go to war with each other, they dont make lives miserable and so thats one of the other arguments for democracy in Burma. And there would be peace in the region and Burma would become a member of peaceful family of nations. Instead of sending heroin, hopefully to countries like Canada in large quantities all of this would stop, it would just be diminished. You just mentioned that Canadian Parliamentarians are hoping that this is the year for Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to be released. Can you tell me more about it. Why do you think so? Kilgour: Well, because I have some good reasons to believe that the senior general in Burma was is in-charge of things when the terrible attack took place and she [Aung San Suu Kyi] was almost killed. But fortunately she wasnt but certainly a lot of people are worried enormously about his involvement in that earlier attack and that I hope he didnt have an involvement in that raid but everything I know suggested that he did have and that a lot of people were killed and Aung San Suu Kyi might well have been one of those who were killed. If anything happens to Aung San Suu Kyi, the world loves her, we admire her, we read her books and we know how much courage she has and whats she is been through, and we are worried about her health and we are worried about how shes been treated. When the Foreign Minister of Malaysia, representing ASEAN, cant see her, I mean, what does that say. That says that the senior general thinks that he can get away with anything. And if he thinks that, there is a terrible implication. So, I have been an admirer of her [Daw Suu], all of us have been, we love her and we think she is the person who fights for democracy in the most difficult of circumstances. Matas: Well, I agree with what Kilgour says. She is a model this is what we look forward to in democracy. People are prepared to stand for their rights. And she is the Burmese Mahatma Gandhi and she follows the tradition of Gandhi and so India who identifies with Gandhi should identify with people who take up his tradition and support her as a modern day incarnation of Gandhi. What would you like to say on Canadas policy of taking Burmese refugees for resettlement? Kilgour: Canada took refugees last year. I was in the reception when they arrived in Ottawa, there were about Can you imagine some of the people had lived in a refugee camp for more 15 years? And the government and the minister of immigration have decided and we are going to take happily another 2, in Canada. The Burmese refugees have done well in Canada. And we are very happy to have them. Matas: Yea, I am familiar with this movement, and its significant not only for Burma but it is significant in terms of Canadian and global refugee policy because this group was brought to Canada as a group historically and typically when refugees are resettled in those individual refugee determination and theres a case by case examination whether an individual circumstance justify protection but in this case the whole group was determined to need protection without individual determination, which is obviously a lot more efficient, and in this context they are real so it made sense it was cost efficient provided the global form of protection. I mean this Burmese refugee experiment was important not just for Burma, but for development of refugee policy in Canada in general.Frans on @ PM CST [link]Letter of Condolence and spirit for Angelus ShimrehA Naga International Support Center, NISC, 999essays.com A human rights organization Press ReleaseAmsterdam, 30 April Letter of Condolence and spiritDeeply shocked by the sudden demise of Mr. Angelus Paiza Shimrah early yesterday morning at Dimapur, on behalf of the Naga International Support Center I condole Zingnimla and her children and the NSCN which he served from as well as the Naga Nation as a whole. I remember how we met just outside Dimapur when he was a member of the Steering Committee where we reviewed problems and prospects concerning the Nagas. Later when on his way to Rome to connect with the Vatican’s Justice and Peace office we went around some of the country side of the Netherlands to visit cattle farms. He showed a keen interest in automated milking and talked to farmers who showed us about their agriculture, husbandry and management of farming. On a lake nearby we sat down and frankly talked about convictions and how to achieve what the Nagas stand for. We recorded the conversation on tape and may publish a transcribed version of his legacy. I remember Angelus as a soft spoken thoughtful friend who, with respect to the history of his people, as a member of the Steering Committee then, was regarded as an architect of policies. Pure at heart he weathered storms, also when he had to take stern against action amongst some in his own organization. Angelus was a man of principles, a fair man, a forgiving man, a man too who knew all of us have fallacies; Nagas and himself not excluded. No one can be trusted at all times, and again he included himself. I hope his untimely death serves a purpose, the purpose of not just remembering an outstanding Naga, but one who is an example for the next generations, the young at heart who under occupation cannot built a future yet, they are in limbo and are prone to act out. .It is those generations who are due to take over from where he had to leave off. They are in dire need of the examples he gave us all, but would too shy to take credit for.On behalf of the Naga International Support Center Frans Welman>999essays.comFrans on @ PM CST [link]

NSCNs prepare decisive battle in Zunheboto 999essays.com NSCNs prepare decisive battle in Zunheboto 999essays.comDimapur, Sep28 [NPN] : In what is reported to be a build up for a major clash between NSCN rivals to decide who stays or goes, people of Zunheboto are bracing themselves for the impending showdown Tension heightened after some fifty heavily armed men of the NSCN (I-M) cadre arrived Zunheboto town Wednesday morning and camped in North Point near Zunheboto College.Several NGOs and even the administration had appealed to the NSCN (I-M) to vacate the area in order to avoid clash within civilian populated area. The NSCN (I-M) rejected the appeal on the plea that it would remain so long as the rival NSCN (K) continued to occupy its hideout at Amphoto colony.Youth and menfolk of Zunheboto formed a barrier between North Point and Amphoto colonies in order to prevent the clash between the rival NSCN factions.At around 6 a.m. Wednesday, some heavily armed NSCN (K) men were prevented by the administration and security patrolling by the IRB from attacking the rivals who were camped at North Point.The NSCN (K) has reportedly marginalized the earlier dominance of the rival NSCN (I-M) in Zunheboto district but the latter is determined to regain its territorial hegemony.This was evident when some one hundred heavily armed NSCN(I-M) activists arrived from Lotsomi side Thursday to reinforce the fifty-odd already camped in North Point colony besides occupying Hekiye village. Hundreds of villagers form Hekiye fled to Zunheboto town as a consequence of the village being occupied by the NSCN (I-M).The NSCN (K) has around two hundred heavily armed men who are spread besides surrounding Hekiye village. On Thursday, NSCN (K) men attacked the rival at Hekiye but there was no report of any casualty, according to official sources.NSCN (K) alleges Rio-NSCN (IM) link Correspondent Nagaland Post Tuensang, Sept 30 (NPN): The NSCN (K) has accused the Nephiu Rio-led DAN government of being directly involved with the rival NSCN (I-M) in the current factional clash at Zunheboto. NSCN (K) leader and supervisor of the CFSB, Mulatonu told this correspondent that the rivals were allowed to take shelter inside the PHED and Industry offices including Zunheboto College since September He said the DAN government did nothing to ask the rivals to vacate the buildings in clear violation of the cease fire ground rules. He said due to this the administration also became “inactive” in the situation. He also accused the Rio government of keeping mum when the rivals continued to occupy the forest department office that has been turned into their Hebron camp. Mulatonu demanded that the rivals should be immediately asked to vacate the camp called Hebron. He also demanded that the Government of India take up the matter in evicting the rivals from their Hebron camp.Mulatonu further attacked the Chakhesang Public Organisation (CPO) for demanding the revocation of the ‘quit notice’ issued on Tangkhuls from Pfutsero. He said, instead, the CPO should file a case against the rivals for an incident involving Chakhesang girlsAdds NPN: The guns at Zunheboto remained silent on Saturday but public live under constant fear of fresh eruption of factional violence even as the administration continues to plead with factions to leave the town.It may be recalled that on Friday a four-year old boy was killed and the year old aunt carrying him sustained injury by stray bullets during a faction clash in Zunheboto town.The one hundred and fifty-strong NSCN (I-M) cadre is holed up at North Point colony including a nearby village and is reported to be led by Maj. Ashang Tangkhul and Maj. Lhokishe. The rival NSCN (K) with an equal number is camped at Amphoto colony and led by Brig. Nikki. The plea to both factions to leave Zunheboto fell on deaf ears. While the NSCN (K) said it would remain since it was forced to evacuate its designated camp at Suruhuto by the NSCN (I-M), the latter on the other hand demanded that the rival NSCN (K) first vacate the town before it also followed suit. It is also reported that some a strong fully armed group of the NSCN (K) is reported to have reached Mukalimi under Pughoboto sub division and believed to be headed towards the NSCN (I-M) camp located in the area.Meanwhile, “2nd Lt” Kavito of the NSCN (K), who was injured during Friday’s clash with the NSCN (I-M) at Zunheboto, succumbed to injuries at Bethel Hospital, Kohima, on Saturday.In a condolence message, Commander of Operation Blueland, NSCN (K), “Brig” Niki described late Kavito as a “brave and loyal officer”, who had always played national duties above everything. He further conveyed condolences to the bereaved family and expressed gratitude to the doctors and staff of Bethel Hospital for their “dedicated care”.

NBCC dons the mantle of peacemaker again 999essays.com The Telegraph)DIMAPUR, Sept Undeterred by cold vibes from the NSCN (Khaplang) and the failure of its previous initiatives to unite warring groups, the Baptist Church in Nagaland has donned the mantle of peacemaker once again The Nagaland Baptist Churches’ Council today unveiled a “step-by-step guide” to peace and “reconciliation” between militant groups fighting separate battles for what is supposed to be a common goal. The page booklet, aptly titled Healing and Reconciliation, was released at a meeting of representatives of various organisations, including the influential Naga Hoho.Church leaders said they would meet the NSCN (K) leadership on October 5 in a bid to convince the militant group to join the peace bandwagon.The NSCN (K) perceives the Church as being partial towards the NSCN (Isak-Muivah). It hasn’t helped that Delhi has been engaged in a dialog-ue only with the NSCN (I-M). The Baptist Church’s reinvented campaign to unify the two groups and others fighting for a slice of the peace pie is seen as the most significant one since the Atlanta Convention in Known to have more than a passing interest in the “Naga cause”, the American Baptist Church had organised that convention.Top NSCN (K) and Naga National Council leaders attended the Atlanta conclave, but it did not lead to a breakthrough because of a boycott by the Isak-Muivah group. The NSCN (K) could spoil the initiative this time.Acknowledging that the road to peace would not be a bed of roses, the Baptist Church’s roadmap states that the success or failure of the initiative will depend on how much the Naga factions are willing to compromise. “All the factions might not agree with one another so easily at first, but to begin with, they should acknowledge one another and stop killing one another.” The roadmap suggests “political discussions” among the warring groups and “honest soul-searching”.The Chu-rch intends to organise a series of roundtable talks at the level of kilonsers (ministers) of various militant groups.“What Nagas urgently need today is restoration of trust and relations. Restoration requires confession (of mistakes), however painful it may be,” the roadmap says.However, the Church may not be party to the proposed talks. “The NBCC is not obliged to participate as a party to the political discussions, but is willing to facilitate the ground for the factions to come (for talks),” the page booklet states. (The Telegraph)Students can lead a revolution: Imkong 999essays.com Excellence Awards conferred on merit studentsDIMAPUR, Sept Minister for School Education Imkong L. Imchen on Friday observed that students had it to lead a revolution in Naga society, saying they could rise above petty politics and work for betterment of the StateTerming education as a weapon that could be used for constructive purposes in the society, Imkong said, “The art of politics and governance is quite different from the art of education.”The minister was speaking as chief guest at the Excellency Awards function organized by the Ao Students’ Union, Dimapur (ASUD) at Imliyanger Memorial Centre (IMC) here. He reminded the achievers of the Excellency Award of their responsibility towards the school ‘dropouts’ who, he said, needed to be brought back to the mainstream of the society. The chief guest also asked the students to do their mite to ensure that the ‘dropouts’ did not feel they were a burden on their families as well as the society. “Nagas are known to be a family with diverse cultures and traditions. But they are practically not united due to the practices of tribalism,” he added. Imkong, however, said, Nagas needed to retrospect on their “mistakes and change their mindset” to foresee a “flame of unity.”He also called upon the student community in particular and Nagas in general to face life as a challenge to be counted in the society.The chief guest later donated Rs. 50, to the union.Others, who also spoke at the function, included president of the Ao Senso Telongjem, Dimapur, I. Temjen Jamir, Education and Statistical Secretary, NSF, Mar, and the sponsor of the cash awards, Imlitemsu, chairman, Eastern Christian College, Dimapur.The ASUD Excellency Award winners include Aienla Longchar, Takutila M. Ozukum, Imchalemla, Bendangnaro Ozukum and Imlisanen, who received cash award of Rs. along with certificates in the matric and degree category, Dr. N. Moa Imsong and Dr. Jungmayangla Longkumer received Rs. each in the doctorate category. (NPN) Student shot by 11 IRB jawans 999essays.comKOHIMA, SEP29 [NPN] : A year old class ten student of Naga Bazar Baptist School suffered head injury when one jawan of the 11 IRB fired from close on the head. The victim was rushed to Naga Hospital and is in a critical condition. Hospital sources said year old Lumtiplung Kamei was bleeding profusely from the head as his brain box has been badly damaged and brain matter oozing out. The incident occurred on Thursday night while the victim among six others were returning home at around pm. after attending a late night party. On reaching Naga Bazar the boys were challenged by a patrolling party of the 11 IRB. It was reported that when challenged the boys responded that they were going home in an arrogant manner and this angered the jawans.As a result a verbal argument ensued between the boys who were in an inebriated condition and the IRB jawans. The IRB jawans then chased the boys and rounded up three of them at gun point above the panchayat 999essays.com of the three managed to escape and later the second did the same.During that time, one of the enraged jawans fired from point blank range at Lumtilung. The bullet, after hitting the victim, pierced the wall of a house belonging to one Mhabemo Odyuo and smashed a glass frame in the sitting room. However there was no one in the room at that point of time.After the firing incident, the IRB jawans conducted random house-to-house search by forcibly banging on the houses and kicking and breaking open the gates and doors, sources 999essays.com irate jawans also beat up six local youth without any reason.Meanwhile, SP Kohima Martin Pienyü said the IRB jawan who fired the shot was immediately arrested and a criminal case registered against him. He vowed due punishment and that no one was above the law of the land. The SP also urged the public to allow the police to conduct proper inquiry. Meanwhile, the Zeliangrong Hoho, Naga Bazar panchayat, Naga Bazar Youth Organization (NBYO) and the Rongmei Youth Club, Naga Bazar have condemned the Thursday’s night incident at Naga Bazar Kohima.The Zeliangrong Hoho said “this is not the first instance the trigger-happy IRB jawans have displayed their brutalities, but on many occasions the so-called elite force has drawn criticisms

for their inhuman behaviour towards innocent public”Various organizations and the Naga Bazar panchayat have urged the authority concerned to take stern and immediate action against the erring personnel.NSCN(K) issues final warning to Tangkhuls in Nagaland The Imphal Free PressIMPHAL, Sep The Government of the People`s Republic of Nagaland, ministry of information and publicity, in a press release circulated in various media houses today issued their final reminder to all Tangkhul “criminals and perpetrators” to leave Nagaland without much fuss so as to let the peace loving Nagas realize their dreams. The statement said the warning was final and “once and for all”.The statement alleged, “Tangkhul criminals or parasites, inspite of serving repeated quit notices from different Naga tribes, for their criminal and subversive activities, are far from mending their ways.” Apart from this, Tangkhul terrorists have renewed their killing campaign zealously as “is evident from the recent spate of killing all over Nagaland”, the statement said alleging that the killing of an innocent child and injuring of a pregnant woman at Zumhebotto on September 29 were the latest casualties of Tangkhul terrorists` campaign.The statement was issued in consonance with the resolution adopted by the council of kilonser, GPRN, following the formal implementation of the `quit notice` served to Tangkhuls. the NSCN/GPRN will henceforth, term the terrorists as Isak-Khodao (I-K) gangs rather than Isak-Muivah (I-M) for all purposes as stated in their earlier press releases, the statement went on to say. Therefore, the statement further said, “all concerned, particularly the media are hereby informed to adopt to this political arrangements and act accordingly as this ostracized tribe (Tangkhul) will have no bearing in the Naga freedom movement having connection with the Nagas.”Another separate statement of the organization said that NBCC`s statement through Rev. Zhabu Terhuja, general secretary of the NBCC, carried on September 27 in the local dailies needs serious consideration. It said, the statement clearly said that the `quit notice` issued to Tangkhuls from different sections of the Nagas is “unchristian” and “Short sightedness” and genocides (including hardcore and long sufferers in the Naga freedom movement) committed by the Tangkhul led I-K terrorists in “Christianized and farsightedness”.Therefore, “the motive and the intentions of NBCC leaders are to be kept under scanner and their (NBCC) proposed meeting with NSCN leaders hangs on uncertainty”, the Government of the People Republic of Nagaland, ministry of information and publicity said. India presses Myanmar over insurgents 999essays.com Last week’s interior-secretary-level talks between India and Myanmar are said to have left Indian officials smiling. While both sides are reluctant to elaborate on details of the counterinsurgency cooperation that was agreed on, it appears that Myanmar has said it will look into an Indian proposal to crack down on anti-India insurgents operating from its soil. It was the 12th in a series of talks of its kind. At it India and Myanmar agreed to set up a mechanism to strengthen bilateral cooperation on security-related issues, drug trafficking and border management. At a meeting in Yangon last October, the two sides had agreed to share intelligence. An institutional mechanism has now been set up to take further this sharing of intelligence to tackle cross-border insurgency and related problems such as drug trafficking, gun-running and other criminal activity. The two sides have also agreed to joint interrogation of those lodged in each other’s jails who were engaging in activities that threaten the security of the two countries. In the run-up to last week’s meeting, reports in the Indian media indicated that Indian officials were going to press Myanmar to launch an operation similar to the one carried out in by Bhutan against anti-India insurgents taking sanctuary there. In December , the Bhutanese security forces launched “Operation All Clear”. They cracked down on some 30 camps of Indian insurgent groups, such as the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), the National Democratic Front of Bodoland, and the Kamtapur Liberation Organization. These are insurgent groups operating in India’s conflict-ridden northeast that had set up training camps in Bhutan. Scores of insurgents were killed or taken into custody during the military operations and some were handed over to the Indian security forces. But many of the insurgents relocated to Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bases were simply shifted to these countries. Delhi has been hoping that Yangon will launch similar military operations to flush out anti-India insurgent outfits that have set up camps on Myanmar’s soil. India and Myanmar share a porous 1,kilometer-long border, and insurgents from the Indian states of Nagaland, Manipur, Assam and Tripura routinely cross it for sanctuary and training in camps they have set up in Myanmar. New Delhi has repeatedly raised concerns regarding the existence of anti-India insurgent camps operating on Myanmar’s side of the border. In fact, getting the cooperation of Myanmar’s security forces was among the main reasons behind the shift in India’s policy from all-out support of the pro-democracy movement to courting the junta that rules Myanmar. Delhi has received limited cooperation from Myanmar from time to time in counterinsurgency operations. In , for instance, Myanmar and India launched “Operation Golden Bird”, a pincer attack that trapped scores of Indian insurgents transiting through Myanmar into India. In December , scores of UNLF cadres, including some top leaders, were arrested by Myanmar’s army. In the past, the security forces of the two countries have co-coordinated counterinsurgency operations. When India launches operations against insurgents on its soil, it has alerted Myanmar’s forces, who then step up combing operations in areas bordering India to capture fleeing insurgents. When Myanmar smashed ULFA camps along the Chindwin River in , India sealed its border in that area. India cracked down on Chin rebels last year and removed the headquarters of the Chin National Front in Mizoram. In January this year, the armies of Myanmar and India coordinated operations against the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang. India has also provided Myanmar’s security forces with military equipment and training to fight the insurgents. But analysts say that cooperation from Myanmar’s military in cracking down on Indian insurgents operating from its soils has been erratic. Furious with India for honoring Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of the movement for democracy in Myanmar, with the Nehru Award for International Understanding, the military released many insurgents captured during Operation Golden Bird. UNLF cadres were released within months of their capture in when India alleged that two Pakistani nuclear scientists with suspected links to al-Qaeda were in Myanmar. According to Soe Myint, editor-in-chief of Mizzima News and author of Burma File: A Question of Democracy, Myanmar’s military has “not done much” to crack down on Indian insurgents on its soil. They are operating freely in the Sagaing division and in Naga areas in Myanmar, he says. Indian intelligence officials say that while Myanmar has expressed a willingness to remove insurgent camps on its territory, there is a section among its military that continues to support these camps as they stand to gain from the lucrative arms-narcotics trade that these insurgents are engaged in. “Myanmar is doing something about India’s concerns but not enough,” is the general reading in India’s Home Ministry of Yangon’s help in countering insurgency. Indian officials are now saying they want Myanmar to do more to address India’s concerns with regard to anti-India insurgents with bases in Myanmar. Soe Myint says these concerns have acquired a new urgency with the recent attack on members of the Assam Rifles (an Indian paramilitary force) in the border town of Moreh, when the Indian insurgents who carried out the attack fled back to camps in Myanmar. Indian intelligence sources say that Myanmar is likely to carry out the Bhutan-style crackdowns on Indian insurgents operating on its soil, but these are unlikely to be as comprehensive as those carried out by Bhutan. The relationship between India and Myanmar’s military junta cannot be put in the same category as that between Delhi and Thimphu, they point out, adding that even Bhutan has been negligent about follow-up action against the Indian insurgents on its soil resulting in the re-emergence of their bases in southern parts of the country. The crackdown on the insurgents could be carried out this winter. India’s counterinsurgency operations in the northeast cannot succeed unless its neighbors deny insurgents sanctuary on their soil. Bhutan has cooperated with India in this regard. Bangladesh denies that there are Indian insurgent camps on its soil despite Delhi providing it with evidence on the location of these camps. Myanmar’s cooperation falls between that provided to India by Bhutan and Bangladesh. Unlike Bangladesh, it admits there are training camps on its soil but has yet to crack down on them as did Bhutan three years ago. This winter Delhi will be hoping that Yangon will follow Thimphu’s example. [Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore.]Peace process with ULFA dies a speedy death Nagaland Post NEW DELHI, SEPT 30 (IANS): With the Indian Army deciding to come down heavily on the outlawed United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and increasing its forces along the borders with Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh, the peace process has for all practical purposes died a speedy death.For now, the Indian government feels that a high-intensity campaign against the rebels looks inevitable because the ongoing operations are not enough to corner the outfit – more so after the ULFA-nominated People’s Consultative Group (PCG) pulled out of the dialogue process.”We repeatedly briefed negotiators about the ULFA’s intentions, that the rebels were divided over the talks. We have now decided to resume operations and prevent the insurgent group from crossing over,” said a defence ministry official. Ministry officials maintained that the number of personnel deployed along the Bhutan border would be increased to about 12, from 5, in a phased manner by next year while the number of border posts is also being increased to from In December , the Indian Army along with the Royal Bhutan Army (RBA) launched joint military operations and smashed nearly all the 30 rebel camps. At that time the ULFA, the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) and the Kamtapuri Liberation Organisation (KLO) had entrenched themselves in well-established camps in Bhutan. The latest army action began over last Sunday after the ULFA killed a policeman and a tea garden manager despite the efforts of facilitators to bring the rebels and the Indian government to the negotiating table.So far three rebels have been killed and five arrested. Senior home ministry officials also hinted that the military junta in Myanmar had this time around decided to go along with India’s request to hit out at the rebel bases that have for long used Myanmar as the staging ground for anti-India operations. The visit of Defence Secretary Shekhar Dutt to Yangon last week overlapping with the calling off the ceasefire was precisely for seeking help to flush out the rebels. With the army launching its offensive, one way out for the ULFA leadership is to give a written commitment to join the talks directly and not negotiate through a committee of Assamese civil society personalities, as they have done for nearly a year now. But the rebels have insisted on the release of five of their top leaders now serving sentences in Indian prisons before they join the talks directly. With army operations under way, the rebels have responded by saying all Indians living in Assam would have to pay a compulsory tax. Clearly, the talks process has suffered a serious setback and the northeastern region, which witnessed a relative calm in the last couple of months, is bound to see another escalation in violence in the coming weeks and months. Aspiration of the unrepresented communities of Manipur By R YangsorangContd from previous issue Sangai ExpressAs a result of which, there was an improvement in the road network in the valley, and all the district headquarters started shining with modest infrastructures, leaving the ethnic minorities as cheerful people so long as they had enough to eat and drink, but without basic amenities. The idea was wrong. No village or town can be developed without Governmental support. When hundreds of crores of rupees were pumped into the state’s developmental programmes, the unrepresen-ted lots also wanted to get their villages developed. Coming to the very point of ethnic aspiration and to uncover what it will look like really is rage. They are feeling the kind of rage which is a mixture of anger and hopelessness when they are unable to enjoy all those privileges and facilities the select few are getting.It cannot be an irresponsible statement that speaks of hatred. Their aspiration also includes big brother’s role of the political personalities and their self-less service which will earn their respect and love. They want the kind of leadership for the progress and growth of all communities of the state of Manipur, and hence a leader of even national standing. As a matter of fact, there are some from bigger communities who are not without the feeling of great sympathy and great admiration for the minorities for their courage and hard-work for sustenance of livelihood. These people are reasonably sympathetic for the problem and suffering of other people, but unfortunately, they are not the policy framers of the state, and they are less influential.During the last 33 years of its attainment of statehood, it underwent experiences which would have all but shattered a state with less inner strength, being unable to register progress in many areas. In the political sphere, the traumatic experience at the birth of a new state within Indian union was that of explosion of the state which led to communal carnage of unprecedented proportions resulting in hundred deaths and rendering thousands homeless in The hasty creation of autonomous hill district councils in without adequate preparation and provisions of safeguards of the minorities led to greater mistrust between the hills and the plain, and on the one hand between the minorities and bigger tribes. And not less than four brief communal clashes but eventful clash-es occurred successively to blacken the history of the state. When it had been riven by old feuds and one scam after the other always, the future of the state was sombre. In the mayhem, the unrepresented tribal minorities were always the victims finding it hard to survive with no hope of their future.To show certain degree of solidarity with the underprivileged of the state, separate fund can be allocated in the state’s bud-get for the development of their dialect, folk-Iores and folk-songs; for their health-care; for construction of village roads; for supply of safe-drinking water; for construction of village youth club’s building; for construction of community hall and playground; for adult literacy; for setting up of village museum; for external excursion; for village information centre; for rearing of cattle, poultry and piggery; for improvement of handloom products; and for development of their culture and customs. This is all because of the fact that the Tribal Sub-Plan’s developmental schemes have failed to cover them effectively is well known. Against all the odds, the state of Manipur must march ahead and make progress, gaining ground for the prosperity of all communities. —ConcludedConcern over breakdown of talks By A Staff Reporter Assam Tribune GUWAHATI, Sept 29 – State CPI-M secretary Uddhav Barman today expressed concern and resentment over the breakdown of the peace process between the ULFA and the Central Government. However, he expressed the hope that both the parties would continue their efforts to create a congenial atmosphere for the early resumption of the process. Honouring the popular desire, the party wants direct talks between the ULFA and the Government, without any pre-condition, he said.Meanwhile, several leading citizens have also made an appeal to both the Central Government and the ULFA to come forward for a direct talk to settle the issues without much delay.Talking to this newspaper, the State CPI-M secretary, who also represents the Sarbhog Constituency in the State Legislature, reminded both the Government and the ULFA of the fact that the people of the State were eagerly awaiting a peaceful solution of the two and half-a-decade-old insurgency problem. The people want peace and development in the State, he said.Describing the resumption of the Army operations against the ULFA as an unfortunate development, Barman said that reluctance of the ULFA to send formal letters despite unilateral suspension of the Army operation and its periodic extensions by the Central Government, had contributed to this annoying development. Several leading citizens of the city have made an appeal to both the Central Government and the ULFA to give up violence and settle the issues through direct negotiation as soon as possible. They have also made an appeal to the Prime Minister of the country to give up anti-ULFA Army operations.In a joint statement, former Vice-Chancellor of Dibrugarh University Kamaleswar Bora, Dr Bhuban Mohan Das, Save Guwahati Build Guwahati president Dhiren Baruah, noted sports personality Suren Ram Phookan, former JB Law College principal Promod Barman, former Pragjyotish College principal Bhupen Singh, noted writer Kumudeswar Hazarika, noted social workers Ranendra Ram Baruah and Jonaki Pathak, businessman DP Bhattacharjee, industrialist Projeet Guha, physician Dr Bidyut Goswami, Gauhati High Court Advocate Prasanta Barman, SGBG vice presidents Ajay Dutta and Madhab Talukdar, SGBG general secretaries Krishna Baruah, Satyen Doloi and Kailash Sarma, have said that the ULFA problem should be solved politically. Development of the State has been the casualty for the past several years and today the State’s people are of the belief that violence is not a remedy to the problems facing them. For the State, the main need of the hour is peace and development, they said.ULFA blows up Assam gas pipeline By IANS Saturday September 30, Guwahati, Sep 30 (IANS) Separatist guerrillas have blown up a natural gas pipeline in the northeastern state of Assam, the latest in a string of attacks after New Delhi called off a six-week ceasefire last week, officials said Saturday. A police spokesperson said militants suspected to be from the outlawed United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) late Friday triggered a landmine explosion at a gas pipeline belonging to state-owned oil exploration company Oil India Ltd (OIL). The incident took place near Salmari in Dibrugarh district, about km east of Guwahati.’It was a inch gas distribution pipeline and our workers were on the job throughout the night to repair the damaged facility. The extent of the damage is yet to ascertained,’ OIL spokesperson Phanindra Dev Choudhury told IANS from the company headquarters at Duliajan in eastern Assam. ULFA rebels earlier Friday carried out a grenade explosion at a busy marketplace in eastern Assam’s Tinsukia town and critically wounded six shoppers. On Thursday, seven people, including two paramilitary troopers, were injured in another explosion by the rebels in the oil township of Digboi in eastern Assam. The ULFA is stepping up attacks after New Delhi Sunday called off a six-week ceasefire and resumed military operations against the outfit.Peace talks between ULFA representatives and the Indian government formally broke down last week after the People’s Consultative Group (PCG), a civil society team appointed by the rebels to mediate for talks, pulled out of the peace process criticising New Delhi for calling off the truce.The ULFA is a rebel group fighting for an independent Assamese homeland since More than 10, people have lost their lives to insurgency in Assam during the past two decades.Rs bn investments to turn around Assam economy By IANS Guwahati, Sep 29 (IANS) Four top Indian corporate honchos are expected to invest a whopping Rs billion in the development of rural infrastructure, promoting agriculture, setting up power plants, IT parks, and bio-diesel facilities in Assam. Reliance Industries, Tata Group, Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services (IL&FS) and Videocon Industries Ltd have agreed in principle to invest in Assam either independently or in partnership with the state government. ‘I have met Mukesh Ambani of the Reliance Industries, Ratan Tata, V.N Dhoot of Videocon, and top managers of IL&FS in Mumbai earlier this week and the response has been overwhelming with all these giants willing to invest in the state in various sectors,’ Assam Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi told IANS.Gogoi led by a team of industry officials was in Mumbai on a two-day business summit to showcase the state and attract investments. The Reliance Industries has expressed interest in developing rural infrastructure, promoting agriculture, and setting up power plants, besides a bio-diesel facility in Assam. ‘The investments in the rural infrastructure and agriculture sectors would help change the economic face of Assam and if the plans materialise then the income of our farmers would double in no time,’ the chief minister said.’Reliance would even buy the produce and farmers will have no problems for a market.’A jubilant Gogoi said most of the deals were almost finalised and just required formal endorsements. ‘We were able to sell the state and at least 80 percent of the assurances would materialise soon,’ he said. The Tata group is interested in constructing budget hotels, a big mall in Guwahati that would exclusively deal with the latest electronic gadgets available in the world, setting up a manufacturing unit of advanced building materials, besides investing in the IT sector and educational institutions. ‘Tata assured me they would train students from engineering colleges in Assam annually in different fields, besides campus recruitments from our colleges and universities for his group of companies,’ said Gogoi. IL&FS and the Assam government has decided to have a joint partnership in developing Guwahati, road construction works, solid waste and sewerage management, IT and power generation. Videocon Industries Chairman Dhoot, on the other hand, has expressed willingness to set up a cement plant, invest in the power sector, and textiles. ‘We have assured all the companies that the state shall provide support like allocating land and help process papers without any bureaucratic red tape to execute the projects immediately,’ Gogoi said. The chief minister’s office would personally monitor implementation of the projects. ‘I shall personally look into all things to ensure that the companies do not have any problems in their ventures,’ Gogoi said. ‘I have assured all the company heads that we shall provide all security and other help without fail.’Still un-addressing root cause of northeast By: Oken Jeet Sandham Kangla on lineMany seminars have been organized on the northeast insurgency, ethnicity and territories. The venues of such seminars have been in the northeastern States of India bordering Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Bhutan and also to Delhi and even foreign countries. Organizers of such seminars include the American Consulate, the Indian Home Ministry and various national and international agencies.Earlier, we mostly focused on the insurgency problems and how to crush the insurgency. Multi-pronged strategies under the Unified Command Structures were applied in many northeastern States to crack down the militancy, while providing simultaneous developmental packages especially in rural areas to win over the hearts of the common men. But the situation has changed in Nagaland and also most of the Naga inhabited areas of Manipur after New Delhi’s ceasefires with both the NSCN factions. On the other hand, the tactics of the underground outfits in Manipur and Assam have changed dramatically. They have moved from the jungles to the urban areas and even set up their mobile networking bases with highly sophisticated communication facilities. Many of them have developed excellent rapport with the civil societies including student organizations and woman groups. In Manipur, some organizations like KYKL, RPF have seriously involved in social reforms to become closer with publics.In the meantime, the UNLF had thrown the “plebiscite bomb.” The organization challenged Indian authorities to prove it is world’s largest democracy by conducting a “plebiscite” in Manipur under UN Supervision after withdrawing their forces. The leader of the outfit, RK Sanayaima, said he would abide by the outcome and that will decide the fate of Manipur. Whether one likes it or not, the issue has been openly and intensely discussed among the public over months without even interference from the State Government. Interestingly, the majority of the public are reportedly in favor of a “Plebiscite” to resolve their issue.The fast transitional phase had really made things so complicated as people seemed to be easily carried away by these organizations. It also worried the authorities in the State as well as the Center and the Indian Army had to adopt various strategies to suppress the waves of surge. The covert truce pacts the Indian Army had entered into with most of the hill-based Kuki militant organizations in Manipur could be one of the main reasons to prevent the waves of surge of the valley-based militant groups in the State as by doing so they (Indian Army) would be able to mobilize their forces to target only the valley-based militant cadres entrenching in various parts of the State.Interestingly, State Chief Minister O Ibobi Singh denied that such truce arrangements, which came into effect from August 1, , were done with his knowledge. In other words, the State Government, in most of the cases, was completely kept in the dark for many months of the Indian Army’s covert truce deals with the hill-based militant organizations. But the question is how sane such covert trice deals are when the State Chief Ministerwho himself as Chairman of the Unified Command Structure, comprising of Army, State Forces, CRPF and Assam Riflesis kept in the dark.Therefore, in most of the seminars, the speakers, who are mostly from universities, media houses, NGOs, hardly addressed the root cause of the issue. They gradually drifted into confusion. By inviting professors from foreign universities to speak on our issues of the northeast or for that matter, some professors from some Indian Universities will not help find solution either. They might have prepared their papers well but one mere illiterate MLA can change the whole course with his five-minute histrionics with the villagers. Most of their papers are not “actually relevant” to the northeastern insurgency. Frans on @ PM CST [link]

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